Bawean Deer (Axis Kuhlii) - Critically endangered 


The Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is endemic to Bawean island, listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, protected by Indonesian law and listed on CITES Appendix I.


  • Preliminary data indicate that around 150-300 animals are left and with a slowly but a constant decreasing population 
  • Threats include deforestation, habitat degradation and possibly predation from feral dogs
  • Conservation actions are not active and captive populations are not managed
  • According to IUCN standards re-introduction programs need solid scientific advice 
Bawean Island with wildlife reserve (© by Rode-Margono et al. 2019)
Bawean Deer

What can ANB achieve?


  • We can provide a comprehensive camera trapping analysis to get a better idea of the population size
  • We can collect GPS data of selected animals to gain knowledge on their movement behaviour and habitat selection
  • We need to know whether captive populations are a reliable back-up or affected by inbreeding
  • We can prepare an updated conservation management plan and develop a reliable stud-book for captive breeding programs
Bawean Deer